Ukrainian drone strikes on Russian energy infrastructure have escalated, hitting major refineries in Yaroslavl and Bashkortostan. The maritime conflict in the Black Sea has severely disrupted the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) terminal, cutting July loadings by over 20% and forcing a 14% drop in Kazakhstan's oil production. These disruptions, alongside rising shipping and insurance costs, threaten global commodity markets while Ukraine simultaneously battles critical air defense interceptor shortages.
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